Types of Civil Cases

1. Contractual Disputes

   • Disputes related to the termination or enforcement of contracts (e.g., sale, lease, or construction contracts)

   • Claims for damages due to breaches of contract terms

2. Real Property Cases

   • Disputes regarding property ownership, such as property registration or disputes between landlords and tenants

3. Rental and Property Trespass Cases

   • Issues related to lease agreements and property encroachments

4. Compensation Cases

   • Claims for damages resulting from accidents or negligence

   • Seeking financial compensation for material or moral damages

5. Debt Cases

   • Disputes concerning financial claims between parties

   • Demands for the repayment of debts or financial obligations

6. Personal Status Cases

   • Some personal status cases (such as alimony or inheritance) fall under civil cases

   • These cases are governed by both Sharia and civil laws

7. Commercial Cases

   • Disputes between companies or business partners

   • Bankruptcy cases or partnership dissolution

8. Labor Cases

   • Disputes between employees and employers related to salaries or termination of service (typically classified under civil cases, but governed by labor law)

Litigation Mechanisms in Civil Cases

1. Court Registration

   • The lawsuit is submitted to the competent court (the Primary Court) based on the type of case and the location of the parties involved.

2. Conciliation and Mediation

   • In some cases, the court may refer the dispute to a conciliation and mediation committee to resolve the issue amicably before trial begins.

3. Trial Procedures

   • This includes the submission of memoranda and pleadings, hearing witnesses, and presenting evidence.

4. Judgment

   • The court issues its ruling, and the affected party can appeal the judgment to the Court of Appeal, and then to the Court of Cassation if necessary.